Modulus 9 0 N/A 1 => 1 2 => 5 3 N/A 4 => 7 5 => 2 6 N/A 7 => 4 8 => 8 ------------------------------------------------ (m - 1) - phi(m) formula (9 - 1) - phi(9) (8) - phi(9) (8) - 6 = 2 do not have multiplicative inverse ------------------------------------------------ 4263 * 4271 = 18,207,273 (m - 1) - phi(p) * phi(q) (18,207,273 - 1) - (4262 * 4270) (18,207,272) - (18,198,740) = 8,532